Chinese mobile payments were nearly 50 times greater than those in the US last year, market data show, highlighting Chinese internet companies’ strong position in a market segment viewed as a gateway to the fintech ecosystem.市场数据表明，去年，中国移动支付的规模是美国的将近50倍。由此可见，在这个被视作转入“金融科技”生态系统的一道门户的市场，中国互联网公司享有强劲的地位。

The rise of Chinese mobile payments has been driven by the explosive growth of online shopping as well as internet financial services such as peer-to-peer lending and online money market funds. More than half of all mutual funds in China are now sold online, up from only 5 per cent in 2012.中国移动支付的风行，归功于在线购物以及网贷、在线货币市场基金等互联网金融服务的爆炸性快速增长。如今中国多达一半的联合基金是在网上发售的，2012年这个比例仅有为5%。Last year was also a turning point for the use of online payments at physical retailers, including supermarkets, restaurants and clothing shops. Starbucks announced in January that it would begin accepting WeChat Pay — the payments service linked to Tencent’s ubiquitous mobile messaging app — at its China stores. Growth was also robust in 2016 in online to offline services such as ride hailing and food delivery apps that customers pay for through via platforms.去年也是餐馆、餐厅和服装店等实体零售商用于在线缴纳的一个转折年。1月，星巴克(Starbuck)宣告其中国门店将开始拒绝接受微信缴纳(WeChat Pay)，这是腾讯(Tencent)被普遍用于的移动消息应用于“微信”所包括的缴纳服务。

去年，线上到线下服务也快速增长强大，如叫车和送餐应用于，在这类服务中，消费者通过平台缴纳。“Digital payment platforms remain a critical part of the underlying fintech infrastructure in China but are also an important source of transaction and financial data that is increasingly being leveraged by the payment companies for new fintech platforms, products and services,” said Zennon Kapron, principal at Kapronasia, a Shanghai-based fintech consultancy.总部坐落于上海的金融科技咨询公司Kapronasia的负责人曾农?考普龙(Zennon Kapron)回应：“数字缴纳平台依然是中国金融科技基础设施中的最重要组成部分，也是交易和金融数据的一个最重要来源，缴纳公司于是以更加多地把这些数据用作新的金融科技平台、产品和服务。”The value of Chinese third-party mobile payments more than tripled to Rmb38tn ($5.5tn) in 2016, according to estimates by iResearch in China. WeChat Pay and Alipay, the payment service operated by Ant Financial, an affiliate of Alibaba Group, dominate the market. In the US, mobile payments rose 39 per cent to $112bn, according to global firm Forrester Research, with the market dispersed among rival groups including Apple, Google, Samsung and PayPal.据中国艾瑞咨询(iResearch)估算，2016年，中国第三方移动支付的规模不断扩大两倍多，至38万亿元人民币（合5.5万亿美元）。

微信缴纳和支付宝(Alipay)在该市场占有主导地位，后者是阿里巴巴集团(Alibaba Group)旗下蚂蚁金服(Ant Financial)运营的缴纳服务。而根据全球研究机构Forrester Research的数据，美国移动支付规模快速增长39%，至1120亿美元，苹果(Apple)、谷歌(Google)、三星(Samsung)和PayPal等联合瓜分了市场。

China’s lead over the US in mobile payments is also the result of the lack of other viable options for non-cash payments. Credit card penetration in China is small compared to that of developed markets, while online payments with debit cards are cumbersome — usually requiring authentication through a combination of SMS messages, USB dongles and random code generators. By contrast, payment with Alipay or WeChat is much more streamlined and requires only the scan of a QR code from a retailer’s point-of-service terminal or a smartphone.中国在移动支付方面领先于美国，也是缺少其他不切实际的非现金缴纳方式的结果。与发达国家比起，中国的信用卡普及率较低，而用借记卡展开在线缴纳更为繁复，一般来说必须通过短信、U盾和随机密码等多重证书。相比之下，用支付宝或微信展开缴纳要非常简单得多，只必须从零售商服务点终端或智能手机扫瞄一下二维码才可。

“China’s rapid adoption of proximity payments is in part thanks to its late-mover advantage — unlike the US and other regions, China does not have a strong entrenched credit card culture. In effect, China has jumped directly from cash to mobile payments,” market research firm eMarketer said in a report.市场研究机构eMarketer在一份报告中称之为：“近端缴纳在中国较慢获得应用于，一定程度上归功于其后发优势——与美国和其他地区有所不同，中国没很深的信用卡文化。实质上，中国必要从现金支付跳出了移动支付。”Beyond the revenue earned directly from processing fees, the dominance of China’s mobile payments market by Alibaba’s Ant Financial and Tencent gives them access to valuable user data that can be used for everything from credit ratings to targeted advertising to product development.除了必要赚手续费收益，蚂蚁金服与腾讯在中国移动支付市场占有主导地位，也不利于它们提供宝贵的用户数据，这些数据可以用作很多方面，从信用评级到定向广告以及产品开发。

However, the eye-catching transaction value of Chinese mobile payments partly reflects payments that do not necessarily correspond to real economic activity.然而，中国移动支付市场引人注目的交易金额中，有一部分缴纳与实际经济活动并不涉及。During the recent Spring Festival holiday for example, friends and relatives traded “red envelopes” in auspicious amounts such as 88, which pronounced in Mandarin sounds like “get rich”, and 520, which sounds like “I love you”.例如，在刚过去的春节假期，亲朋好友之间不会相互放含有88（在普通话里听得一起像“致富”）或520（听得一起像“我爱你”）等吉利数字的“红包”。

While these red envelopes are used to make actual cash gifts, they are often exchanged back and forth as a form of socialising in which most users receive the same amount that they send. About 60 per cent of Chinese mobile payments took the form of person-to-person transfers in the third quarter, according to iResearch, although some portion of these are actually small businesses that have not set up a commercial payment account.尽管这些红包被用来发送到实际的现金礼物，但是人们往往不会相互发红包作为一种社交的方式，大多数人接到的红包金额与他们所收到的红包金额非常。艾瑞咨询的数据表明，在去年第三季度，中国移动支付金额中约有60%是以个人对个人(P2P)账户的形式，尽管其中一部分实质上来自并未开户商业缴纳帐户的小微企业。

“Originally this was just for holiday games, but after cultivation over several Spring Festivals, it’s now everyday behaviour,” said Li Zhefeng, payments analyst at iResearch in Beijing. “In the past, people used bank cards to do fund transfers, but now these transactions have shifted decisively to mobile phones.”“最初这只是假期的特有游戏，但在经过几个春节后，如今这发展出了日常行为，”艾瑞咨询在北京的缴纳分析师李哲峰称之为，“过去人们用银行卡账户，但如今这些交易显著都转至手机末端了。”Yet in terms of mobile payment growth, China still resoundingly beats the US. Forrester expects US payments in 2019 to be 2.6 times their 2015 value; Chinese payments will grow by 7.4 times in the same period, according to iResearch.不过在移动支付的快速增长方面，中国依然战胜美国。Forrester预计，2019年美国移动支付总额将是2015年的2.6倍；而据艾瑞咨询预计，同期中国的移动支付总额将快速增长7.4倍。

In the US, in-person payments at offline retailers rather than mobile payments will be the biggest growth driver in the US. There and in Europe, near field communication (NFC) payments, which involve swiping a phone over a chip reader, are preferred to QR codes.在美国，在实体零售商展开的面对面缴纳（而非移动支付）将沦为仅次于的快速增长驱动因素。在美国和欧洲，将近场通信(NFC)缴纳（把手机在芯片读取器上刷一下）比二维码更加热门。Forrester found that half of all surveyed American retailers planned to install NFC terminals by the end of 2016 or had already done so. However, changing entrenched consumer behaviour is a challenge.Forrester找到，2016年末，访谈的美国零售商中有一半计划加装、或早已加装了NFC终端。

然而，转变根深蒂固的消费者不道德是一项挑战。“Old habits die hard and, by all accounts, consumers are still reaching for cards rather than phones in the checkout lane,” Forrester wrote in its report.“旧习惯很难改成，根据各方面信息，消费者在结账地下通道依然习惯去刨卡而非拿走手机，”Forrester在报告中写到。

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